NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics are provided here, which can be downloaded for free, in PDF format. The solutions are prepared by our subject experts who have mastery in Maths. All the solved questions of Statistics are with respect to the latest updates on the CBSE syllabus and guidelines, to help students solve each exercise question and effectively prepare for the CBSE exam. Using these solutions as a reference tool will be helpful for the students to score good marks. Students can also get the exercise-wise Solutions for Class 10 Maths in all chapters and practise solving the problems.
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Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, Statistics, is one of the most important chapters present in the textbook. The weightage of this chapter in the CBSE exam is around 11 to 12 marks. On average, there will be 3 questions which could be asked from this chapter and marks will be distributed in a manner of 3+4+4 (it could vary as per question).
You will face many real-life scenarios where the fundamentals of statistics are used to represent a set of data in tabular form, in graphs or in pie charts. There are a number of methods you will learn from this chapter such as, step deviation methods, finding mode and median of grouped data, converting frequency distribution and the relation between mode, mean and median methods, etc. 10th Class NCERT solutions are the best study materials to prepare for the CBSE exam.
The next section will give an overview of the hypothesis testing method by following along with a young decision-maker as he uses hypothesis testing. Additionally, with the provided interactive Excel template, you will learn how the results of the examples from this chapter can be adjusted for other circumstances. The final section will extend the concept of hypothesis testing to categorical data, where we test to see if two categorical variables are independent of each other. The rest of the chapter will present some specific applications of hypothesis tests as examples of the general method.
This chapter has been an introduction to hypothesis testing. You should be able to see the relationship between the mathematics and strategies of hypothesis testing and the mathematics and strategies of interval estimation. When making an interval estimate, you construct an interval around your sample statistic based on a known sampling distribution. When testing a hypothesis, you construct an interval around a hypothesized population parameter, using a known sampling distribution to determine the width of that interval. You then see if your sample statistic falls within that interval to decide if your sample probably came from a population with that hypothesized population parameter. Hypothesis testing also has implications for decision-making in marketing, as we saw when we extended our discussion to include the test of independence for categorical data.
For the data in Table 3 (an example earlier in the chapter with football scores), there are 31 scores. The 16th highest score (which equals 20) is the median because there are 15 scores below the 16th score and 15 scores above the 16th score. Again, the median can also be thought of as the 50th percentile.
Data organization and summarization can be done graphically, as well as numerically. Tables and graphs allow for a quick overview of the information collected and support the presentation of the data used in the project. While there are a multitude of available graphics, this chapter will focus on a specific few commonly used tools.
Statistics is the science of drawing conclusions from data. This chapter introduces a rough taxonomy of data, as well as tools for presenting, summarizing, and displaying data: tables, frequency tables, histograms, and percentiles. The tools are illustrated using datasets from trade secret litigation and geophysics.
In its broadest sense, Statistics is the science of drawing conclusions about the world from data. Data are observations (measurements) of some quantity or quality of something in the world. "Data" is a plural noun; the singular form is "datum." Our lives are filled with data: the weather, weights, prices, our state of health, exam grades, bank balances, election results, and so on. Data come in many forms, most of which are numbers, or can be translated into numbers for analysis. In this chapter, we will see several types of data and tools for summarizing data.
Let us construct a relative frequency table for the gravity data. There are no hard-and-fast rules for determining appropriate class intervals, and the impression one gets of how the data are distributed depends on the number and location of the intervals (more on this later in this chapter). We shall use the following nine class intervals:
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The purpose of this chapter is to explain the supply and use accounts (SUA) in terms of their internal structure, their relationship to the rest of the Canadian system of macroeconomic accounts and how these accounts are used to interpret economic developments. The core of the SUA consists of 'supply' and 'use' tables. The SUA also include symmetric 'input-output tables' derived from the supply and use tables.Note 1
The previous chapter outlined the dimensions of Canada's system of macroeconomic accounts. Those basic dimensions included most importantly the institutional sectors, whose activities include the production and consumption of output, and the classification systems that organize and make sense of the millions of products and producers in the economy.
The chapter begins with a review of some key concepts, the understanding of which is critical. It then turns to the goods and services account, reflecting the fundamental identity of the national accounts. The production account and the generation of income account, which are the first and second in the sequence of accounts (the rest of the sequence is discussed in chapters 5 and 6), are also presented. From there the chapter moves on to explain the supply and use tables, the former including both domestic output and imports and the latter including both intermediate consumption and final demand. The decomposition of these tables into volume and price components is explained. Then the discussion turns from the supply and use accounts themselves, which are produced with a lag of almost three years, to more timely estimates of real gross value added by industry that are based on statistics in the supply and use tables. The chapter ends with a discussion of how the supply and use accounts are employed to better understand the workings of the Canadian economy.
The first concept is output. In the previous chapter, the notion of the production boundary was introduced to circumscribe what is and is not considered to be output in the SNA. As will be explained more fully later in this chapter, the supply and use accounts provide a very detailed, multi-dimensional picture of the output of the Canadian economy.
Output spans a wide variety of goods and services, also referred to as products.Note 6 In the supply and use accounts, as will be discussed later in this chapter, output by class of product for Canada and the individual provinces and territories is articulated using the Supply and Use Product Classification, a special aggregation of the North American Product Classification with 470 product classes at the most detailed level.Note 7
In the supply and use accounts, imports are valued CIF, at the Canadian border. The import valuation includes costs of freight and insurance in bringing the goods to Canada from the point of direct shipment. SNA 2008 interprets this approach as equivalent to valuing imports at domestic basic prices.Note 19 In this respect, the supply and use accounts value imports differently from the Balance of International Payments (see chapter 8), which value them FOB the border of the country of direct shipment to Canada and include freight and insurance as part of imports of services.
The most important element of total supply is without a doubt the economy's output of goods and services. It is the result of the activities of producers throughout the economy and will be a primary focus of attention in the rest of this chapter. It is measured at basic prices, which is to say at prices charged by producers before any taxes have been levied on products and including any applicable subsidies. Imported products, the second component of total supply, reflect the fact that a substantial portion of supplied goods and services come from other countries. They are measured CIF, at the Canadian border which is equivalent to basic prices. Finally, taxes on goods and services are a part of total supply because these elements, which are layered on top of the value of output and imports at basic prices, are reflected in the prices that purchasers pay for the goods and services supplied.Note 20 2ff7e9595c
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